【英文标准名称】:Electricalappliancesforlaundrytreatment;householdspindryers;characteristicsofperformanceterminology
【原文标准名称】:电动洗涤机.家用洗物离心脱水机.使用性能.概念
【标准号】:DIN44985T.1-1981
【标准状态】:作废
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【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:
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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforAcceleratedLeachTestforDiffusiveReleasesfromSolidifiedWasteandaComputerProgramtoModelDiffusive,FractionalLeachingfromCylindricalWasteForms
【原文标准名称】:固化废料中扩散释放物加速浸出试验,模型扩散的计算机程序和从圆柱形废料状态中分离淋滤的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMC1308-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C26.07
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:accelerated;diffusion;leach;waste;Acceleratedleachtest;Computerprograms;Diffusive/fractionalleaching;Leachates/leaching;Models/modeling--environmental;Nuclearscrapandwastematerials;Solidifiedwaste;Wastematerials/processing/analysis
【摘要】:Thistestmethodcanbeusedtomeasurethereleaseofacomponentfromacylindricalsolidifiedwasteformintowateratthereferencetemperatureof20x00B0;Candatelevatedtemperaturesthatacceleratetherateandextentofleachingrelativetothevaluesmeasuredat20x00B0;C.Thistestmethodcanbeusedto:Comparereleasesofwastecomponentsfromvarioustypesofsolidificationagentsandformulations.Determinethediffusioncoefficientsforthereleaseofwastecomponentsfromwasteformsataspecifictemperature.Promotegreaterextentsofreactionthancanbeachievedunderexpectedserviceconditionswithinalaboratorytimeframetoprovidegreaterconfidenceinmodeleddiffusivereleases.Determinethetemperaturedependenceofdiffusiverelease.Fittingtheexperimentalresultswithamechanisticmodelallowsdiffusivereleasestobeextrapolatedtolongtimesandtofull-scalewasteformsunderthefollowingconstraints:Resultsofthistestmethodaddressanintrinsicpropertyofamaterialandshouldnotbepresumedtorepresentreleasesinspecificdisposalenvironments.Testscanbeconductedunderconditionsthatrepresentaspecificdisposalenvironment(forexample,byusingarepresentativegroundwater)todetermineaneffectivediffusioncoefficientforthoseconditions.Projectionsofreleasesoverlongtimesrequiresthatthewasteformmatrixremainstable,whichmaybedemonstratedbythebehaviorofthespecimeninALTsatelevatedtemperatures.ExtrapolationsintimeandscalearelimitedtovaluesthatcorrespondtothemaximumCFLvalueobtainedinanacceleratedtest.Themechanismmustbethesameatalltemperaturesusedintheextrapolation.Thesamemodelthatdescribestheresultsoftestsconductedatelevatedtemperaturesmustalsodescribetheresultsoftestsrunatthereferencetemperatureof20x00B0;C.1.1Thistestmethodprovidesproceduresformeasuringtheleachratesofelementsfromasolidifiedmatrixmaterial,determiningifthereleasesarecontrolledbymassdiffusion,computingvaluesofdiffusionconstantsbasedonmodels,andverifyingprojectedlong-termdiffusivereleases.Thistestmethodisapplicabletoanymaterialthatdoesnotdegradeordeformduringthetest.1.1.1Ifmassdiffusionisthedominantstepintheleachingmechanism,thentheresultsofthistestcanbeusedtocalculatediffusioncoefficientsusingmathematicaldiffusionmodels.Acomputerprogramdevelopedforthatpurposeisavailableasacompaniontothistestmethod(Note1).1.1.2Itshouldbeverifiedthatleachingiscontrolledbydiffusionbyameansotherthananalysisoftheleachtestsolutiondata.Analysisofconcentrationprofilesofspeciesofinterestnearthesurfaceofthesolidwasteformafterthetestisrecommendedforthispurpose.1.1.3Potentialeffectsofpartitioningonthetestresultscanbeidentifiedthroughmodeling,althoughfurthertestingandanalysesarerequiredtodeterminethecauseofpartitioning(forexample,ifitoccursduringproductionofthematerialorasaresultofleaching).1.2Themethodisamodificationofothersemi-dynamictestssuchastheIAEAtest(1)andtheANS16.1LeachTestwhereinelevatedtemperaturesareusedtoacceleratediffusivereleasetoanextentthatwouldonlybereachedafterverylongtimesatlowertemperatures.Thisapproachprovidesamechanisticbasisforcalculatingdiffusivereleasesatrepository-relevanttemperaturesoverlongtimes,providedthattheleachingmechanismdoesnotchangewithtemperature.1.2.1Testscanbeconductedatelevatedtemperature......
【中国标准分类号】:Z13
【国际标准分类号】:13_030_10
【页数】:14P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语